FIP – Forward Inclined Position Insassenbelastung infolge vorgebeugter Sitzposition bei leichten Heckkollisionen

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1999, p. 213 (#7/8)

In this basic experimental investigation differences in movement sequences between an occupant in normal sitting position and two different forward inclined positions were analysed. Initially, the various sitting positions can be adapted in cars were measured with 52 test persons. From these, three typical positions were selected:
The normal sitting positions, the slide forward inclination (FIP at traffic lights) and the extreme forward inclination (FIP: for example picking up an object from the vehicle floor).
In the cause of 11 preliminary trials, a sled was adjusted in such a way as to produce acceleration sequences comparable with those in a vehicle-vehicle-collision. The force was exerted by rear-end impact with a bumper car. For each of the three sitting positions, three trails were carried out with one male volunteer sitting in an original car seat.
The movement sequences of the volunteer was documented using a video camera. As biomechanical force data, the head and thorax accelerations were recorded in two axes. Additionally, the acceleration effect on the sled was recorded synchronously with biomechanical acceleration signals. As backup, the collision data recorder (made by VDO-Kienzle) was installed on the sled. Velocity changes of 6,7 to 7,7 km/h (mean value: 7,3 km/h) were measured. On the basis of impact duration lasting between 105 to 126 ms (mean value: 118 ms), the mean sled acceleration were between 1,6 or 1,9 g (mean: 1,8 g). Despite several exposures per day, the male test person (aged 29) never complained of any discomfort. Evaluation of the head impact intensity between headrest and the head showed, that the forces on the test-person through head impact from the FIP-positions were significantly lower than in a normal sitting-position. Movement analysis showed, that when the occupant is in the forward inclined position (FIP), as opposed to the normal sitting position, his back rolls over the seat-back.
As far as head acceleration to impact with a head restraint is only to be expected at a velocity change (delta v) of at least 5 km/h. Velocity changes up to almost 8 km/h were tolerated without problems by the male test person.

Zitat

Meyer, St.; Becke, M.; Kalthoff, W.; Castro, W.: FIP – Forward Inclined Position. Insassenbelastung infolge vorgebeugter Sitzposition bei leichten Heckkollisionen.Verkehrsunfall und Fahrzeugtechnik 37 (1999), pp. 213 - 218 (#7/8)

Inhaltsangabe

Es geht im Wesentlichen darum, wie sich eine leichte vorgebeugte Sitzhaltung, etwa beim Blick auf eine nahe gelegene Ampel, auf die biomechanische Belastung der HWS beim Anstoß von hinten auswirkt. Schadenbilder von Crashversuchen gibt es diesmal nicht zu sehen, dafür aber Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera-Aufnahmen der Bewegungsabläufe bei verschiedenen Ausgangskörperhaltungen, außerdem Vergleiche von Beschleunigungs- und Geschwindigkeitsverläufen bei verschiedener anfänglicher Körperhaltung.

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